Reference Materials

• ADI UK, Animals in Traveling Circuses: The Science on Suffering (2006), Animal Defenders International
• ADI US, Animals in Traveling Circuses: The Science on Suffering (2008), Animal Defenders International
• ADI observations: data from collected studies and undercover investigations, 1996-2008 First Link, Second Link
• ADI Have Trunk Will Travel investigation, 2005, Animal Defenders International (unpublished)
• http://www.ad-international.org/media_centre/go.php?id=2128
• ADI, Bailey Bros. Elephant Abuse, 2004, published in: Animals in Traveling Circuses: The Science on Suffering (2008)
• Bailey Bros. Elephant Abuse, 2004
• Bashaw, M.J., Tarou, L. R., Maki, T.S. & Maple, T.L. (2001) A survey assessment of variables related to stereotypy in captive giraffes and okapi. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 73: 235-247
• Baxter, E. & Plowman, A.B. (2001) The effect of increasing dietary fibre on feeding, rumination and oral stereotypies in captive giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis). Animal Welfare 10 (3): 281-290
• Benz, A. (2005) The elephant’s hoof: Macroscopic and microscopic morphology of defined locations under consideration of pathological changes. Doctoral Thesis Vetsuisse-Fakultät, University of Zürich
• Boissy, A. & Le Neindre, P. (1997) Behavioral, cardiac and cortisol responses to brief peer separation and reunion in cattle. Physiology and Behavior. 61: 693-699.
• Carlstead, K., Fraser, J., Bennett, C., Kleiman, K. (1999). Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) in US zoos: behavior, breeding success and mortality in relation to housing facilities. Zoo Biology. 18 35-52
• Carlstead, K., Brown, J. L. & Seidensticker. J. (1993) Behavioural and Adrenocortical Responses to Environmental Changes in Leopard Cats (Felis bengalensis) Zoo Biology. 12: 321-331
• Clubb, R. & Mason, G. (2002) A Review of the welfare of zoo elephants in Europe. A report commissioned by the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, UK.303pp.
• Creamer & Phillips (1998) The Ugliest Show on Earth: the use of animals in circuses, pub Animal Defenders International, ISBN: 0 905225 12 0
• Derby, P. (2009) Everything you should know about Elephants, Performing Animal Welfare Society
• Fowler, M.E. (2000) Restraint and handling of camels. Journal of Camel Practice and Research 7 (1): 77-90
• Fowler, M.E. & Mikota. S.K. (2006) Biology, Medicine, and Surgery of Elephants. Blackwell Publishing, Iowa. USA
• Iossa, G et al (2009) “Are wild animals suited to a travelling circus life?” Animal Welfare, Vol. 19, pp: 129 – 140
• Kirkden, R.D & Broom D. M. (2002). Individual differences in the causes of stereotypy in captive elephants. Commissioned by Animal Defenders International
• Lyons, J., Young, R.J. & Daeg, J. M. (1997). The effects of physical characteristics of the environment and feeding regime on the behavior of captive felids. Zoo Biology. 16: 71-83
• Mallapur, A. & Choudhury, B. C. (2003) Behavioral Abnormalities in Captive Nonhuman Primates Wildlife Institute of India, Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science. 6(4):275-284.
• Pool_Affidavit_Tuli_Elephants_1998.pdf
• Schmid, J. (1995). Keeping circus elephants temporarily in paddocks: The effects on their behavior. Animal Welfare. 4: 87-101
• Shepherdson, D. J., Carlstead, K. C. & Wielebnowski, N. (2004) Cross-institutional assessment of stress responses in zoo animals using longitudinal monitoring of faecal corticoids and behaviour. Animal Welfare 13: S105-S113 Suppl. S.
• Stull, C. L., Spier, S.J., Aldridge, B.M., Blanchard, M & Stott, J.L. (2004). Immunological response to long term transport stress in mature horses and effects of adaptogenic dietary supplementation as an immunomodulator. Equine Veterinary Journal. 36(7)583-589.
• Tarou, L.R., Bashaw, M.J. & Maple, T.L. (2000). Social attachment in giraffe: Response to social separation. Zoo Biology. 19: 41-51.
• Terio, K. A., Marker, L., Munson, L. (2004) Evidence for Chronic Stress in Captive but not Free-ranging cheetahs (Acinonyx jubarus) based on adrenal morphology and function. Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 40 (2) 250-266
• Tuli Elephant Trial, 2002, South Africa: Prosecution of Riccardo Ghiazza African Game Services – Affidavit concerning the capture, treatment and condition of the elephant calves from the Tuli block
• Tuli Elephant Trial, 2002: Prosecution of Riccardo Ghiazza African Game Services: training of elephants for zoos and circuses
• Turner, J. W., Tolson, P. & Hamad, N. (2002) Remote assessment of stress in white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) and black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) by measurement of adrenal steroids in feces. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 33 (3): 214-221.
• USDA Office of Inspector General (2010): Controls Over APHIS Licensing of Animal Exhibitors, US Department of Agriculture, Audit Report 33601-10-Ch, June 2010.
• Wells, A., Terio, K.A., Ziccardi, M.H. & Munson, L. (2004). The stress response to environmental change in captive cheetahs (acinonyx jubantus). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 35(1) 8-14.
• Wielebnowski, N.C., Fletchall, N., Carlstead, K., Busso, J.M., Brown, J.L. (2002). Non-invasive assessment of adrenal activity associated with husbandry and behavioral factors in the North American clouded leopard population. Zoo Biology. 21: 77-98.
• Young. R.J. (2003). Environmental enrichment for captive animals. UFAW Animal Welfare Series. Blackwell Publishing, p. 2

No claim is made to the materials provided above, except those authored by ADI as stated therein. These documents are made available to members of the United States Congress, and their assistants, on a fair use, educational purposes basis, only, and no claim is made by ADI to any copyright or other rights.